Conditionals

Zero Conditional: certainty

We use the so-called zero conditional when the result of the condition is always true, like a scientific fact.

Take some ice. Put it in a saucepan. Heat the saucepan. What happens? The ice melts (it becomes water). You would be surprised if it did not.

IF	condition	result
	present simple	present simple
If	you heat ice	it melts.

Notice that we are thinking about a result that is always true for this condition. The result of the condition is an absolute certainty. We are not thinking about the future or the past, or even the present. We are thinking about a simple fact. We use the present simple tense to talk about the condition. We also use the present simple tense to talk about the result. The important thing about the zero conditional is that the condition always has the same result.

We can also use when instead of if, for example: When I get up late I miss my bus.

Look at some more examples in the tables below:

IF	condition	result
	present simple	present simple
If	I miss the 8 o'clock bus,	I am late for work.
If	I am late for work,	my boss gets angry.
If	people don't eat,	they get hungry.
If	you heat ice,	does it melt?

 

result	IF	condition
present simple		present simple
I am late for work	if	I miss the 8 o'clock bus.
My boss gets angry	if	I am late for work.
People get hungry	if	they don't eat.
Does ice melt	if	you heat it.

First Conditional: real possibility

Object Pronouns

Os "object pronouns" servem para substituir algum objeto em uma frase, para evitar a repetição. Por exemplo:

- I bought a gift and gave the gift to my girlfriend.

Para evitar que a palavra “gift” seja repetida, utilizamos o pronome de objeto “it”:

- I bought a gift and gave it to my girlfriend.

Abaixo uma lista dos "object pronouns":

I – Me
You – You
He – Him
She – Her
It – It
We – Us
You – You
They – Them

Pronomes de objetos podem ser utilizados como objetos diretos e objetos indiretos.

Caso o objeto indireto estiver antes do objeto direto, não se usa preposição (to, for):

- Give me the book

Ou, se o objeto indireto estiver depois do objeto direto, usaremos uma preposição:

- Give the book to me